Wheat is one of the oldest cereal crops cultivated by humans that has had a significant impact on the development of European, Asian and African civilizations.

No cereal has as many varieties as wheat; wheat is mainly divided into winter and spring varieties (in terms of sowing time) and soft and hard varieties (in terms of gluten characteristics). Durum wheat is used to make pasta, it favors a relatively dry climate, which is why the climatic conditions of South-Eastern Siberia are excellent for high-grade wheat farming.